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Contact: nzonlineapothecary@gmail.com
Phytocannabinoid Profile: BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene BCP.
While it is most often mentioned as a phyto cannabinoid found in Cannabis, beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is one of more than 100 cannabinoids & terpenes found in nature. BCP is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is found in Cannabis – Hemp. & some non Cannabis Plants.
BCP beta Caryophyllene – A Dietary Cannabinoid:
BCP was classified as a dietary Cannabinoid in 2008 by European scientists because it activates the body’s endocannabinoid system. Around this time, it was approved as a food additive by the American Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A), bringing knowledge about phytocannabinoids & terpenes into the public eye.
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is a major component in Cannabis & some non Cannabis Plants.
See Link@: Strain Profile, ‘Key Lime Pie’ Cannabis
See Link@: Strain Profile, ‘Gorilla Glue’ Cannabis
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) & its status as a dietary Cannabinoid, DOES NOT have the Legal Restrictions & Licensing Requirements that pertain to Cannabis – Hemp.
At present, the only phytocannabinoid that has been discovered to also exist in plants other than Cannabis is beta Caryophyllene (BCP). Gertsch et al, 2010.
The phytocannabinoid β-Caryophyllene, also known as beta-Caryophyllene, or BCP, is crucial to not only the smell and taste of Cannabis, but also the medical benefits and different effects Cannabis strains provide. There are over 100 known Cannabinoids & Terpenoids in the Cannabis plant, but BCP is one of the most prominent.
(BCP) beta Caryophyllene, a major constituent in Cannabis essential oil, shows significant cannabimimetic effects, it may also contribute to the overall effect of Cannabis preparations, including Sativex. Gertsch et al, 2008.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene herbal remedies are 100% natural, Whole Plant based extracts, rich in the phyto Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene & Terpenes: Myrcene, Linalool, Pinene, Humulene, Trans-nerolidol, et al, contain NO Prohibited OR Restricted substances, & are NON PSYCHOACTIVE, targeting the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, therefore devoid of any psychoactive side effects.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene will not compromise you in the event of a Workplace Drugs Test.
BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, exhibits a very similar Terpene Profile to the Cannabis – Hemp Plant, with its much touted health benefits, BUT, without the problematic legal implications that accompany the illegal sale, possession, & unprescribed use of unlicensed Cannabis – Hemp, & Cannabis – Hemp based tinctures, Oils & edibles, containing T.H.C & C.B.D et al.
The Monoterpene Myrcene is the smallest terpene but the most prevalent terpene found in most varieties of cannabis. Chemotypes high in myrcene will result in a “couch lock” effect (if a sample has over 0.5% myrcene), while chemotypes with low levels of myrcene (<0.5% myrcene) will produce a more energetic effect.
It is simply the amount of myrcene that is in the sample that dictates how you will be affected. Myrcene is simply the most important monoterpene in the plant. Myrcene may provide: antipsychotic, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticancerogenic properties. (Hanus et al, 2020)
The most important sesquiterpene in the cannabis plant is probably β-Caryophyllene. It is a spicy cannabinoid-terpene. This compound is the only terpene known to interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (selectively binds to the CB2 receptor). Caryophyllene has gastroprotective, analgesic, anticancerogenic, antifungal, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. (Hanus et al, 2020)
See Link@ Cannabis essential oils, Primary Terpenes found in popular Cannabis Strains.
” β-Caryophyllene and β-myrcene are without any doubt the most common (and often the main ones) terpenes in C. sativa L. plant. Because of their unique properties, these are probably the terpenes that play an important role in medicinal properties of hemp and cannabis.” (Hanus et al, 2020)
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene will not compromise you in the event of a Workplace Drugs Test.
While the anti-inflammatory power of beta Caryophyllene has long been used in folk medicine, experts are now beginning to understand the potential benefits of the Phyto Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene on overall health.
BCP+ Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene (BCP) History:
While scientists knew that BCP was responsible for the aroma and flavor of Cannabis essential oils, it wasn’t until a 2008 study by Italian and British researchers that it was determined that BCP was a phyto cannabinoid that had therapeutic potential.
Researchers found that BCP could potentially regulate inflammation and other processes through the endocannabinoid system, making it an attractive option for not only future studies but also potential pharmaceutical research.
Chemical Properties:
Research indicates that BCP Cannabinoid may play an important role in the body’s complex Endocannabinoid System (ECS), which maintains a state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions in the body, through homeostasis.
By binding to CB2 receptors, one of two receptors in the Endocannabinoid System, that works with enzymes to help support healthy nervous system and immune function, BCP Cannabinoid may improve overall health and well-being.
BCP Binding Affinity to the CB.2 Receptor:
β-caryophyllene (BCP) activity on human CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, has a binding affinity (pKi) value of 155 nM with a lack of substantial affinity for CB1R. Hashiesh et al 2021.
To compare CB2R binding, β-Caryophyllene (BCP) has the highest CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor activity, 155 nM, compared to Cannabidiol (CBD) >24 nM & Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 24 nM.
Understanding pKi Values and Cannabinoids
To determine which cannabinoid has the highest pKi value in relation to the CB2 receptor, we first need to understand what pKi values represent. The pKi value is a measure of the binding affinity of a ligand (in this case, cannabinoids) for a receptor. A higher pKi value indicates a stronger binding affinity.
Cannabinoids in Question
The cannabinoids we are comparing are:
- beta-Caryophyllene (BCP)
- Cannabidiol (CBD)
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Known pKi Values
From the literature, we can summarize the known pKi values for these cannabinoids concerning the CB2 receptor:
- beta-Caryophyllene (BCP): BCP has been reported to have a pKi value of approximately 155 nM.
- Cannabidiol (CBD): CBD has a lower affinity for CB2 receptors compared to BCP, with a reported value of >24 nM indicating it does not bind as effectively.
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): THC primarily binds to the CB1 receptor and has less affinity for CB2 receptors than BCP, with a reported value of 24 nM.
| Cannabinoid | pKi for CB2 receptor (nM) |
|---|---|
| BCP Beta-Caryophyllene | 155 |
| THC | 24 |
| CBD | >24 |
Conclusion
Based on the available data regarding their binding affinities to the CB2 receptor, beta-Caryophyllene has the highest pKi value among the three Cannabinoids, BCP, CBD, & THC mentioned.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid herbal remedies are 100% natural, Whole Plant based extracts, contain NO Prohibited OR Restricted substances, & are NON PSYCHOACTIVE, targeting the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, therefore devoid of any psychoactive side effects.
The phytocannabinoids & terpenes that naturally occur in our herbal remedies, are sourced from Whole Plant Extracts, organically grown & prepared by us.
Our source Plants, native to Americas, have one of the highest beta Caryophyllene profiles in the Plant Kingdom, even greater than Cannabis – Hemp.
Whilst our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene products are both Legal & Unrestricted, they have a greater binding affinity (pKi value) to the CB.2 Cannabinoid Receptor, than Hemp-Cannabis does. There is no CBD-THC et al in our products, & hence no Legal problems!
‘ BCP binds to the endocannabinoid receptors, along with its better-known cannabinoid cousins, THC, CBD, and CBN. The main difference between BCP and its cannabinoid relatives is that it only attaches to the CB2 receptors and not the CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors are most often found in the cells of our immune system, hence leading to the amazing benefits of BCP.‘ Elixinol.com
The Endocannabinoid System plays a major role in the function of the human body, regulating eating habits, sleep, and mood. It also controls pain and pleasure, in addition to inflammation. Furthermore, Researchers, Dr Ethan Russo et al, have discovered that individuals with low endocannabinoid levels, a condition referred to as Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CECD), are potentially more vulnerable to disease.
Terpenes and cannabinoids are sister compounds that both offer therapeutic benefits when they interact with the endocannabinoid system. For example, CB2 receptors are responsible for the high level of health benefits associated with BCP because the phytocannabinoid BCP beta Caryophyllene activates those receptors.
Research has suggested that BCP’s impact on CB2 Receptors may soothe the body’s responses to stress and anxiety, in part by protecting anandamide, a neurotransmitter known as the “bliss molecule.”
Additionally, scientists believe that CB2 receptors help influence the release of the feel-good chemical, dopamine.
Potential Uses for BCP+ Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene (BCP).
Research has indicated that beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is a phytocannabinoid with potentially powerful health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Some of the key health benefits that BCP may offer are highlighted below.
Relieves Pain
Because beta Caryophyllene (BCP) interacts with the body’s CB2 receptors, which play a role in relieving pain, BCP may provide potential benefits as an analgesic.
In a German study that appeared in the European Journal of Neuro – Psychopharmacology in 2014, researchers found that BCP may help relieve pain associated with inflammation.
Researchers interpreted the results of this study to suggest that BCP could be an effective remedy for relieving pain, a problem that impacts millions worldwide.
Cannabinoid Balms, Edibles, & Liquid Extracts For ‘Humanimals’ & Animals
With the growth in the Cannabinoid Industry, Pets & other Animals are beginning to reap the potential health benefits of BCP Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene too. As with humans, animals have Cannabinoid Receptors located throughout their bodies which enable them/us to tap into the potential benefits of Cannabinoids by using Our topical Cannabinoid Balms, home prepared Edibles, & Liquid Extracts..
Boosts Immune System Function
In 2013, researchers from the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine determined that the CB2 receptor was linked to immune function, suggesting that BCP, by binding to CB2 Receptors, helps support the immune system.
Alleviates Stress and Anxiety
Stress and anxiety can be triggered by traffic jams, stressful work deadlines, and family issues. The body’s response to that stress is the release of the “fight-or-flight” hormone cortisol, which sends glucose into the bloodstream to increase energy can negatively impact health when produced in excess.
A 2014 study in the Journal of Physiology and Behavior found that BCP helped improve mood in anxious mice.
Additionally, researchers from the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the United Arab Emirates University determined that the effects of BCP on CB2 receptors may alleviate stress and anxiety.
Reduces Inflammation
Several studies have found that exposure to BCP can help relieve inflammation.
Though inflammation is typically a protective mechanism, excess inflammation can be uncomfortable and result in additional health consequences.
Because BCP has potential actions as an anti-inflammatory, it may facilitate healthy responses to injury, reducing swelling and the risk of scarring. Furthermore, because of its potential analgesic properties, BCP beta Caryophyllene may also relieve pain at the site of the injury.
Promotes Healthy Digestion
Because BCP interacts with CB2 receptors that make up the immune system, it may also help improve gut function, since much of the immune system is made up of the good bacteria that live in the gut.
Phyto Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene (BCP) – Conclusion
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is perhaps one of the most well-known phyto Cannabinoids, and for good reason. From its actions as an anti-inflammatory, to a mood-boosting agent capable of alleviating stress or anxiety, BCP has the potential to provide a range of health benefits when used as part of You & your Pets daily routine.
β-caryophyllene (BCP). The Phyto Cannabinoid Super Molecule!
*Decoding Key words: cerebral ischemia, Ulcerative Colitis, Dyslipidemia, Glioblastoma, Liver fibrosis, Immunomodulatory, Atherosclerosis, Mucositis Nephrotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Alzheimers Disease, Parkinsons Disease. Multiple Sclerosis. Neuropathic Pain, Neurodegenerative disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) aka Motor Neurone Disease (MND)
Cannabinoids & their Relationship with the Endocannabinoid System:
RESEARCH LINKS: BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene (BCP)
See: beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid.
See: From Plant to Chemistry: Sources of Antinociceptive Non-Opioid Active Principles for Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design β-Caryophyllene & Pain & Inflammation
See: The cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene exerts analgesic effects in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain β-Caryophyllene & inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Copyright © 2020 Scott A. Johnson et al.
‘ BCP modulates multiple pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis including MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1, and STAT3 (Figure 2), activates cytotoxic pathways against tumors, potentiates pathways that hinder metastasis, reduces the expression of oncogenes and proteins, and simultaneously increases genes and proteins that destroy cancer cells. Scott A. Johnson et al, 2020.
Laboratory studies suggest BCP has promise against kidney, lung, colorectal, liver, oral, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma cancers and possesses chemopreventive properties.’ (Scott A Johnson et al, 2020.)
See: β -caryophyllene and β -caryophyllene oxide – natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties.
Multiple Sclerosis:
Studies have indicated the potential efficacy of Caryophyllene in suppressing motor paralysis & neuro inflammation associated with Multiple Sclerosis. (Alberti et al)
See: β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis
” (this) study represents significant implications for clinical research and strongly supports the effectiveness of BCP as a novel molecule to target in the development of effective therapeutic agents for MS. “
See: Multiple sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory diseases
in vitro studies demonstrating cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R)-mediated therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene (BCP).
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease
See: The cannabinoid beta-caryophyllene (BCP) induces neuritogenesis in PC12 cells by a cannabinoid-receptor-independent mechanism neurodegenerative conditions including: stroke, glaucoma, motor neuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) aka Motor Neurone Disease (MND), Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases
‘ An important therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative conditions is axonal regeneration. Neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation play a key role in the development of the nervous system. The growth of axonal and dendritic extensions is critical for neuronal connectivity and alterations in this process can lead to cognitive deficits.
This is the first study to address the neuritogenic potential of BCP as a possible cannabinoid-receptor-independent mechanism of neuroprotection, the induction of neuritogenesis, and the effects on the expression of marker proteins for axonal growth (Growth Associated Protein GAP-43) and synaptogenesis. ‘
‘ BCP increases the expression of axonal-plasticity-associated proteins Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43), synapsin and synaptophysin) in PC12 cells. It is known that these proteins are up-regulated by Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in neurons and neuron-like cells, such as PC12 cells.
Altogether, these findings suggest that BCP activates trka receptors and induces neuritogenesis by a mechanism independent of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) or cannabinoid receptors. This is the first study to show such effects of BCP and their beneficial role in neurodegenerative processes should be further investigated.’ Santos et al, 2016.
Research Highlights
- •BCP increases survival & induces neuritogenesis in NGF-deprived PC12 cells.
- •BCP activates the NGF-high affinity receptors, trkA.
- •BCP does not increase the expression of NGF.
- •BCP increases the expression of axonal-plasticity-associated proteins.
- •The neuritogenic effect of BCP is independent of cannabinoid receptors.
*PC12 cell line, Use in Research.
The PC12 cell line has been used to get more information about diseases of the brain. PC12 cells were used to find which Prion protein fragments caused neuronal dysfunction. Misfolded proteins are also linked to other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) aka MND, which have been shown to originate and progress by a prion-like mechanism.
‘ Neuritogenesis is the extension of neurites, which are the branchlike structures extending from a neuron and are essential for cell-to-cell communication in the brain. ‘
The neuritogenesis process slows down in adults, and to a greater degree in a brain affected by Neurodegenerative disease. The regrowth of neurites or extension of neurites may present an opportunity to reverse neuronal damage caused by Neurodegenerative disease.
See: Beta-caryophyllene and neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, which lead to progressive loss of selective vulnerable population of neurons.
Neuroinflammation is an important feature shared by several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and sclerosis. Evidence establish that endocannabinoid system can modulate neuroinflammation and immune system especially through CB2 receptor (Dugger and Dickson, 2017, Tang and Le, 2016).
Stroke, Brain Damage
BCP alleviates ischemic brain damage potentially by inhibiting necroptotic neuronal death and inflammatory response. This study suggests a novel application for BCP as a neuroprotective agent. (Mei Yang et al, 2017)
See: Functional Role of CB2R in Stroke
CB2R activation has been shown to have a range of neuroprotective benefits in a stroke context, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be favorable in cases of stroke. (Lu Raich et al, 2024.)
BCP protects ischemia brain partially by inhibiting the TLR4-mediated activation of microglia and promoting their polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotype. The results of the current work point to the BCP treatment as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cerebral ischemia and other types of acute brain injury. Thus, the protective effects of BCP warrant further studies. (Xiaocui Tian et al, 2019)
Cancer & Cannabinoids Research Links: HERE
BCP+ Introductory Offers:
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BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Balm beta Caryophyllene
Ultra High Potency BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Balm, beta Caryophyllene, Natural Coconut base, 50 ml Balm @ $42. *plus p & p.
Potential Uses: May provide relief for: aches & pains, sports injuries, worn hip & joint management, inflammation, burns, abrasions, pruritis – itching, eczema, psoriasis, body odour (BO), & may exert anti bacterial effects, & act as a revitalizing replenisher for the skin, scalp, & More!
Massage the Balm in & around the affected areas. Massage into your hair daily, for optimum scalp care.
Bespoke, 60x, Super Strength, BCP+ Cannabinoid Balm
*We can also prepare bespoke, 60x, Super Strength, BCP+ Cannabinoid Balm, beta Caryophyllene too.
CONTACT: nzonlineapothecary@gmail.com
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