Payment via Online Banking. We will supply Account details when you Register for Parcel Collect & We confirm your Order. N.Z Post, Courier track & trace. (fastest Delivery) Parcel Collect.
Target delivery 3 Working days. *Due to ongoing Theft-Delivery problems, we are only using N.Z Post, Courier track & trace, Parcel Collect.
*Online, Retail Sales Only.*Wholesale, Trade Quantity, Bulk Purchase, NOT Supplied. *No Pickups*
@ NZ.OA Price List Lite: HERE
@ NZ.OA Gallery of Herbal Remedies: HERE
@ Full & Uncondensed, NZ.OA Price List Page: HERE
@ View Previews of ALL our site Content: HERE
@ Search our Site content: HERE
@ Cancer Research & Cannabinoids Links: HERE
Contact: nzonlineapothecary@gmail.com
” Still on a journey with this hip, end stage osteo, have been using cbd oil posted from the US but postage is slow now and it is costly. I would like to get another bottle of your fine pain elixir, always felt that I had better pain relief with yours.” John, Auckland.
Recent high profile arrest of Gandalf the Green Fairy
Due to the recent high profile arrest of Gandalf the Green Fairy, we want to advise potential Customers that we are able to supply at very reasonable prices, our Legal & Unrestricted alternative to Hemp-Cannabis CB.2 herbal remedies.
This is an organically grown, by Us, high potency product BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene & Balms.
Whilst our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene products are both Legal & Unrestricted, they have a greater binding affinity (pKi) to the CB.2 Cannabinoid Receptor, than Hemp-Cannabis does. There is no CBD-THC et al in our products, & hence no Legal problems!
Understanding pKi Values and Cannabinoids
To determine which cannabinoid has the highest pKi value in relation to the CB2 receptor, we first need to understand what pKi values represent. The pKi value is a measure of the binding affinity of a ligand (in this case, cannabinoids) for a receptor. A higher pKi value indicates a stronger binding affinity.
| Cannabinoid | pKi for CB2 receptor (nM) |
|---|---|
| BCP Beta-Caryophyllene | 155 |
| THC | 24 |
| CBD | >24 |
‘ BCP (beta Caryophyllene) binds to the endocannabinoid receptors, along with its better-known cannabinoid cousins, THC, CBD, and CBN. The main difference between BCP and its cannabinoid relatives is that it only attaches to the CB2 receptors and not the CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors are most often found in the cells of our immune system, hence leading to the amazing benefits of BCP.‘ Elixinol.com
Our source plants, native to the Americas, have one of the highest beta Caryophyllene profiles in the Plant Kingdom, even greater than Cannabis – Hemp.
Edibles: You can make your own edibles using ALL our VG based BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil herbal remedies too, e.g Lozenges, Lollipops, Gummy Bears, Smoothies. BCP Butter, Cakes, Cookies & more!
*E.V.O.O – Extra Virgin Olive Oil also available.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene will not compromise you in the event of a Workplace Drugs Test.
If Readers of this site could copy & paste the Link to Our Site, to other N.Z based Kiwis out there, that might be interested in this Alternative, Legal, Unrestricted, CB.2 Cannabinoid, this would be much appreciated. This should help to fill any supply problems, resulting from Gandalf’s arrest, for those relying on using Cannabinoids for herbal remedy purposes. We are currently only dealing with N.Z Customers.
We can do the best deals on 100 ml, 500 ml & 1 Litre bottles of our BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene & Balms.
If Individual Customers get together & combine their resources, they will be able to buy the larger volumes of product at greatly reduced prices, much better deals than Wholesale even! For those locked into an Ecosystem of Overpriced Retail Cartels, this may be a much more affordable & perfectly Legal option.
We are not seeking to become a Wholesaler to Retailers. Thankyou. The Team @ N.Z Online Apothecary.
Phyto-Cannabinoid Profile β-Caryophyllene (BCP)
BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene is a powerful, non psychoactive, all natural, plant based herbal Liquid extract & Balm, that targets the C.B 2 Cannabinoid Receptors, & may provide a legal alternative to ‘Prescription Only’ Cannabidiol (C.B.D) preparations, such as Tilray, Elixinol, & Sativex.
There are many commercially available Cannabis preparations rich in β-caryophyllene (BCP), including: Elixinol®, Sativex®, Tilray®, Bedrocan®, Marinol®, Bedrobinol®, Namisol®, Arvisol®, Fenoxidol™, Epidiolex® etc. Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh et al, 2021
‘ BCP (beta Caryophyllene) binds to the endocannabinoid receptors, along with its better-known cannabinoid cousins, THC, CBD, and CBN. The main difference between BCP and its cannabinoid relatives is that it only attaches to the CB2 receptors and not the CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors are most often found in the cells of our immune system, hence leading to the amazing benefits of BCP.‘ Elixinol.com
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is a major component in Cannabis & some non Cannabis Plants, & is classified as a dietary cannabinoid.
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) & its status as a ‘dietary cannabinoid’ DOES NOT have the Legal restrictions & Licensing requirements of cannabis.
BCP is approved as a food additive by the American Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A). Xiang-Hu He et al, 2021.
At present, the only phytocannabinoid that has been discovered to also exist in plants other than Cannabis is beta Caryophyllene (BCP). Gertsch et al, 2010.
The phytocannabinoid BCP (beta Caryophyllene) has been identified as a fully selective agonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptors, one of the key members of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Scandiffio et al 2020.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene will not compromise you in the event of a Workplace Drugs Test.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene herbal remedies are 100% natural, Organically grown, Whole Plant based extracts, rich in the phyto Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene & Terpenes: Myrcene, Linalool, Pinene, Humulene, Trans-nerolidol, et al, contain NO Prohibited OR Restricted substances, & are NON PSYCHOACTIVE, targeting the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, therefore devoid of any psychoactive side effects.
BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, exhibits a very similar Terpene Profile to the Cannabis – Hemp Plant, with its much touted health benefits, BUT, without the problematic legal implications that accompany the illegal possession & unprescribed use of unlicensed Cannabis – Hemp, & Cannabis – Hemp based added value products, containing T.H.C & C.B.D et al.
Refer to Link: Cannabis essential oils, Primary Terpenes found in popular Cannabis Strains.
@ BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene
@ BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Balm beta Caryophyllene
For Your Consideration:
We recommend purchasing Our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil Liquid Extract in 100 ml, & greater Volumes, in order to access our Cannabinoids at greatly reduced prices. On purchase, We will supply Our ‘5 Minute Method Instructions‘ using Our BCP+ Liquid Extract, to safely, quickly, & easily prepare your own Balms & generate great savings on Cannabinoid Balms & Oils.
@ NEW! Phyto-Replenish 30x Liquid Extract, Tincture, Oil, VG Juice, herbal Tea.
Unlock *Premier Customer deals on Phyto-Replenish Liquid Extract when you buy our 100 ml, 500 ml & 1 Litre Phyto-Replenish Range.
Legislative changes in N.Z re Vaping our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil β-Caryophyllene (BCP)
Due to Legislative changes re Vaping in N.Z, our 30x VG Vegetable Glycerine Liquid extracts, 0% Nicotine, are sold only for the purpose of Sublingual dosing (Tincture) & use in Edibles. By purchasing any of our herbal remedies, you agree to all our Terms & Conditions.
Ultra High Potency 5 ml, 20 ml, 100 ml, 500 ml, 1 Litre BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene: E.V Olive Oil OR VG – Vegetable Glycerine.
*30x = 30x stronger than the active constituents naturally contained in the Plant source.
We can also prepare bespoke, 60x, Super Strength BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil too.
Ultra High Potency 5 ml Sampler BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, dropper bottle, @ $25. *plus p & p.
Ultra High Potency 20 ml BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, dropper bottle, @ $99. *plus p & p. E.V Olive Oil, OR V.G – Vegetable Glycerine.
Unlock Premier Customer Deals & Save on 100 ml 500 ml & 1 Litre bottles of all our BCP+ 30x Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene liquid extract +FREE POST!
Ultra High Potency 100 ml BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene @ $399. ( $ave $106. ) Includes FREE POST! $ave $10. on Shipping. Ts & Cs Apply.
Ultra High Potency 500 ml BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene @ $999. Includes +FREE POST! Ts & Cs Apply.
Ultra High Potency 1 Litre BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene @ $. $old Out, Order on Request Includes FREE POST! Ts & Cs Apply.
*1 Litre Sold Out, Order on Request = 24 hour turnaround, once payment clears.
E.V Olive Oil based BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil =*E.V Olive Oil taste.
OR VG – Vegetable Glycerine based BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil *Tastes sweet like liquid honey with a hint of Liquorice.
Unlock Premier Customer deals, when you Order 100 ml, 500 ml, & 1 litre BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene. +FREE POST!
*We can also prepare bespoke, 60x, Super Strength BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene Liquid extracts too.
Contact: nzonlineapothecary@gmail.com
Phyto-Cannabinoid Profile β-Caryophyllene (BCP)
BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene is a powerful, non psychoactive, all natural, plant based herbal Liquid extract & Balm, that targets the C.B 2 Cannabinoid Receptors, & may provide a legal alternative to ‘Prescription Only’ Cannabidiol (C.B.D) preparations, such as Tilray, Elixinol & Sativex.
There are many commercially available Cannabis preparations rich in β-caryophyllene (BCP), including: Bedrocan®, Sativex®, Marinol®, Bedrobinol®, Namisol®, Arvisol®, Fenoxidol™, Epidiolex® etc. Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh et al, 2021
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is a major component in Cannabis & some non Cannabis Plants, & is classified as a dietary cannabinoid.
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) & its status as a ‘dietary cannabinoid’ DOES NOT have the Legal restrictions & Licensing requirements of cannabis.
At present, the only phytocannabinoid that has been discovered to also exist in plants other than Cannabis is beta Caryophyllene (BCP). Gertsch et al, 2010.
The phytocannabinoid BCP (beta Caryophyllene) has been identified as a fully selective agonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptors, one of the key members of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Scandiffio et al 2020.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene herbal remedies are 100% natural, Whole Plant based extracts, rich in the phyto Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene & Terpenes: Myrcene, Linalool, Pinene, Humulene, Trans-nerolidol, et al, contain NO Prohibited OR Restricted substances, & are NON PSYCHOACTIVE, targeting the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, therefore devoid of any psychoactive side effects.
BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, exhibits a very similar Terpene Profile to the Cannabis – Hemp Plant, with its much touted health benefits, BUT, without the problematic legal implications that accompany the illegal possession & unprescribed use of unlicensed Cannabis – Hemp, & Cannabis – Hemp based added value products, containing T.H.C & C.B.D et al.
The Monoterpene Myrcene is the smallest terpene but the most prevalent terpene found in most varieties of cannabis. Chemotypes high in myrcene will result in a “couch lock” effect (if a sample has over 0.5% myrcene), while chemotypes with low levels of myrcene (<0.5% myrcene) will produce a more energetic effect.
It is simply the amount of myrcene that is in the sample that dictates how you will be affected. Myrcene is simply the most important monoterpene in the plant. Myrcene may provide: antipsychotic, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticancerogenic properties. (Hanus et al, 2020)
The most important sesquiterpene in the cannabis plant is probably β-Caryophyllene. It is a spicy cannabinoid-terpene. This compound is the only terpene known to interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (selectively binds to the CB2 receptor). Caryophyllene has potential gastroprotective, analgesic, anticancerogenic, antifungal, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. (Hanus et al, 2020)
See Link@ Cannabis essential oils, Primary Terpenes found in popular Cannabis Strains.
” β-Caryophyllene and β-myrcene are without any doubt the most common (and often the main ones) terpenes in C. sativa L. plant. Because of their unique properties, these are probably the terpenes that play an important role in medicinal properties of hemp and cannabis.” (Hanus et al, 2020)
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene will not compromise you in the event of a Workplace Drugs Test.
β-caryophyllene (BCP). The Phyto Cannabinoid Super Molecule!
*Decoding Key words: cerebral ischemia, Ulcerative Colitis, Dyslipidemia, Glioblastoma, Liver fibrosis, Immunomodulatory, Atherosclerosis, Mucositis Nephrotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Alzheimers Disease, Parkinsons Disease. Multiple Sclerosis. Neuropathic Pain, Neurodegenerative disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) aka Motor Neurone Disease (MND), *in vitro versus in vivo Studies?
Ultra High Potency 5 ml, 20 ml, 100 ml, 500 ml, 1 Litre, BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene
Bonus Offer! Free BCP+ Cannabinoid Balm Sampler – (*Excludes 5 ml) with EVERY BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, tincture, VG-Juice purchase! *Terms & Conditions apply.*Excludes 5 ml bottles.
Ultra High Potency 5 ml BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, dropper bottle, @ $25. *plus p & p. E.V Olive Oil OR V.G – Vegetable Glycerine.
Ultra High Potency 20 ml BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene, dropper bottle, @ $99. *plus p & p. E.V Olive Oil, OR V.G – Vegetable Glycerine.
*Bulk Buy & Save! 100 ml 500 ml & 1 Litre bottles of all our BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene Liquid extract *Includes FREE POST!
Ultra High Potency 100 ml BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene @ $399. ( $ave $106. ) Includes FREE POST! $ave $10. on Shipping. Ts & Cs Apply.
Ultra High Potency 500 ml BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene @ $999. Includes FREE POST! Ts & Cs Apply.
Ultra High Potency 1 Litre BCP+ 30x Liquid Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene @ $. $old Out, Order on Request Includes FREE POST! Ts & Cs Apply.
*1 Litre $old Out, Order on Request = 24 hour turnaround once payment clears.
@ BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Balm Natural Coconut base
Ultra High Potency BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Balm Natural Coconut base, 50 ml Balm @ $42. *plus p & p.
We can also prepare bespoke, 60x, Super Strength BCP+ Cannabinoid Balm too.
BCP+ Cannabinoid Profile: β-caryophyllene (BCP)
BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene is a powerful, non psychoactive, all natural, organically grown, plant based herbal extract, that targets the C.B 2 Cannabinoid Receptors, & may provide a legal alternative to ‘Prescription Only’ Cannabidiol (C.B.D) preparations, such as Tilray, Elixinol & Sativex.
There are many commercially available Cannabis preparations rich in β-caryophyllene (BCP), including: Bedrocan®, Sativex®, Marinol®, Bedrobinol®, Namisol®, Arvisol®, Fenoxidol™, Epidiolex® etc. Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh et al, 2021
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) is a major component in Cannabis & some non Cannabis Plants, & is classified as a dietary cannabinoid.
beta Caryophyllene (BCP) & its status as a ‘dietary cannabinoid’ DOES NOT have the Legal restrictions & Licensing requirements of cannabis.
At present, the only phytocannabinoid that has been discovered to also exist in plants other than Cannabis is beta Caryophyllene (BCP). Gertsch et al, 2010.
The phytocannabinoid BCP (beta Caryophyllene) has been identified as a fully selective agonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptors, one of the key members of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Scandiffio et al 2020.
The phytocannabinoid caryophyllene, also known as beta-caryophyllene or BCP, is crucial to not only the smell and taste of Cannabis, but also the medical benefits and different effects Cannabis strains provide. There are over 100 known Cannabinoids & Terpenoids in the Cannabis plant, but BCP is one of the most prominent.
BCP, a major constituent in Cannabis essential oil, shows significant cannabimimetic effects, it may also contribute to the overall effect of Cannabis preparations, including Sativex. Gertsch et al, 2008.
BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil, a Whole Plant Extract, also contains the primary Terpenes: Myrcene, Linalool, Pinene, Humulene, & more!
Our source Plants, endemic to the Amazon, have one of the highest beta Caryophyllene profiles in the Plant Kingdom, even greater than Cannabis – Hemp.
β-caryophyllene (BCP) activity on human CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, has a binding affinity (pKi) value of 155 nM with a lack of substantial affinity for CB1R. Hashiesh et al 2021.
To compare CB2R binding, β-Caryophyllene (BCP) has the highest CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor activity, compared to Cannabidiol (CBD) & Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Understanding pKi Values and Cannabinoids
To determine which cannabinoid has the highest pKi value in relation to the CB2 receptor, we first need to understand what pKi values represent. The pKi value is a measure of the binding affinity of a ligand (in this case, cannabinoids) for a receptor. A higher pKi value indicates a stronger binding affinity.
Cannabinoids in Question
The cannabinoids we are comparing are:
- Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP)
- Cannabidiol (CBD)
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Known pKi Values
From the literature, we can summarize the known pKi values for these cannabinoids concerning the CB2 receptor:
- Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP): BCP has been reported to have a pKi value of approximately 155 nM.
- Cannabidiol (CBD): CBD has a lower affinity for CB2 receptors compared to BCP, with reported pKi values of >24 nM, indicating it does not bind as effectively.
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): THC primarily binds to the CB1 receptor and has less affinity for CB2 receptors with a reported pKi value of 24 nM, indicating it does not bind as effectively as BCP.
| Cannabinoid | pKi for CB2 receptor (nM) |
|---|---|
| BCP Beta-Caryophyllene | 155 |
| THC | 24 |
| CBD | >24 |
Conclusion
Based on the available data regarding their binding affinities to the CB2 receptor, Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP) has the highest pKi value among the three Cannabinoids, BCP, CBD, & THC mentioned.
Our BCP+ Cannabinoid herbal remedies are 100% natural, Whole Plant based extracts, contain NO Prohibited OR Restricted substances, & are NON PSYCHOACTIVE, targeting the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors, therefore devoid of any psychoactive side effects.
The terpenes & phytocannabinoids that naturally occur in our herbal remedies, are sourced from Whole Plant Extracts, organically grown & prepared by us.
The phytocannabinoid beta-Caryophyllene (BCP), a dietary and anti-inflammatory cannabinoid, selectively binds to CB2 receptors, potentially modulating inflammatory and other pathophysiological processes, via the endocannabinoid system.
As a functional CB2 activator, the phytocannabinoid beta-Caryophyllene is devoid of the psychoactive side effects typically associated with CB1 receptor activation.
BCP+ Cannabinoid – beta Caryophyllene (BCP) has been shown in preclinical studies to:
- Reduce inflammation
- Boost immune system function
- Relieve pain
- Alleviate stress, anxiety and depression
- Promote healthy digestion
- Provide neuroprotective benefits
BCP+ Cannabinoid Buds
All the herbs used in our BCP+ Cannabinoid beta Caryophyllene herbal remedies are organically grown & prepared by us. We control the entire process from planting, to harvesting & extraction, enabling us to guarantee the integrity of our product.
The statements made by N.Z Online Apothecary have not been evaluated by the New Zealand Ministry of Health. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
We are not advising or prescribing the use of our herbal remedies, herbs, herbal extracts, or any of our herbal products, for any specific medical conditions, or for any specific uses.
Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problems, and before using ANY of our herbal products, or before making any changes in prescribed medications.
*DO NOT take ANY of our herbal remedies, herbal products, as a substitute for medical treatment.
Always follow the advice of your personal physician.
*Consult your Doctor before using any of our herbal remedies.
Edibles
*You can use our VG BCP+ 30x Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene to make your own homemade Edibles, e.g Lozenges, Lollipops, Chewing Gum & Gummy Bears too. Add to Smoothies, Baking, Coffee, Cannabinoid rich Butter & Spreads, the only limits, your imagination! Our BCP+ Edibles may be a great assist for pain, inflammation & more!
BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil For Our Canine, Feline, Fur Baby friends & Other Pets
Our ‘Canine, Feline, & Other precious Pets, enjoy their meals with a drizzle of our melted coconut based BCP+ balm, & the higher concentration BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil Liquid extracts too!
BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil may be used as a topical for injuries, dog bites, cuts & abraisons sustained whilst our Fur Babies are defending their territory or guarding their much sought after dog roll!
Our BCP+ Cannabinoids may also help ease Pet Separation Distress, Canine, Feline & Other Pet O.C.D behaviours, Neurological problems, & ease age related aches & pains in our much loved Fur Babies & Friends.
For Over Sized Pets, e.g, Alpaca, donkey, Horse, Shetland Pony, Super Size Pigs, etc, we can also prepare bespoke, Super Strength, e.g 60x BCP+ Cannabinoid Oil beta Caryophyllene Super Strength Liquid extracts too.
Pets Living with Cancer
Pets living with Cancers, may yield benefits from our BCP+ Cannabinoid products too. Pets, just like Us, have Cannabinoid Receptors located throughout their bodies, which may allow your Precious Pets to access the potential benefits of turbo charging Your Animal’s Immune System & Endocannabinoid System using Cannabinoids.
See LINK@ Cancer & Cannabinoids Research Links: HERE
V.G Vegetable Glycerine for Sweet Tooths!
E.V. Olive Oil for Savoury tastebuds.
30x Liquid Extract for Small to Larger Dogs & Pets (e.g Cats, Poodles, Jack Russell, Bull Mastiff, Johnson American Bulldogs, Kune Kune, Goats, etc)
Introductory Offer: 50 ml BCP+ 30x Extract Cannabinoid Balm @ $42. *plus p & p.
Research Links – BCP Cannabinoid Oil β-Caryophyllene
See: Cancer & Cannabinoids Research Links: HERE
See: Protective Effects of (E)-β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation Chronic Inflammation
See: β -caryophyllene and β -caryophyllene oxide – natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties. Cancer, Pain
See: β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Phytocannabinoid, Suppresses Motor Paralysis and Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis
See: The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, reduced voluntary alcohol intake and attenuated ethanol-induced place preference and sensitivity Alcoholism,
See: β-Caryophyllene protects against alcoholic steatohepatitis by attenuating inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Alcoholic liver disease
See: Beta-Caryophyllene, a Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Selective Agonist, in Emotional and Cognitive Disorders Depression, Anxiety.
See: From Plant to Chemistry: Sources of Antinociceptive Non-Opioid Active Principles for Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design β-Caryophyllene & Pain & Inflammation
See: The cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene exerts analgesic effects in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain β-Caryophyllene & inflammatory and neuropathic pain
‘ Given the safe status, abundant natural occurrence, oral bioavailability, dietary use and pleiotropic properties modulating receptors and enzymes, BCP appears as a promising molecule for diabetes and its complications.’ Diabetes
cardioprotective, hepatoprotective (liver damage), gastroprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective (kidney damage), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immune-modulator, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases (disorders that disrupt metabolism).
See: Neuroprotective Effect of β-Caryophyllene on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of Necroptotic Neuronal Death and Inflammation: In Vivo and in Vitro. Stroke, Brain Damage
BCP alleviates ischemic brain damage potentially by inhibiting necroptotic neuronal death and inflammatory response. This study suggests a novel application for BCP as a neuroprotective agent. (Mei Yang et al, 2017)
See: Functional Role of CB2R in Stroke Stroke, Brain Damage.
CB2R activation has been shown to have a range of neuroprotective benefits in a stroke context, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be favorable in cases of stroke…. it has been observed that the activation of CB2R induces a reduction in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which can impair the function of neurons and cause further damage to the brain (Lu Raich et al, 2024.) Stroke
See: β-Caryophyllene protects against ischemic stroke by promoting polarization of microglia toward M2 phenotype via the TLR4 pathway Stroke, Brain Injury
BCP protects ischemia brain partially by inhibiting the TLR4-mediated activation of microglia and promoting their polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotype. The results of the current work point to the BCP treatment as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cerebral ischemia and other types of acute brain injury. Thus, the protective effects of BCP warrant further studies. (Xiaocui Tian et al, 2019) Stroke
See: Beta-caryophyllene a CB2 receptor agonist, produces multiple behavioural changes relevant to anxiety & depression. Anxiety, Depression
Nervous System diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS aka Motor Neurone Disease, Stroke), Atherosclerosis (lesions in Artery Walls), and Tumours (Colon, Breast, Pancreas, Lymphoma, Melanoma & Glioma Cancer). Streptococcus infections, Osteoporosis, Steatohepatitis, Anticonvulsant, Analgesic, Myorelaxing, Sedative, and Antidepressive effects
See: Beta-caryophyllene attenuates short-term recurrent seizure activity and blood-brain-barrier breakdown after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. β-Caryophyllene attenuates status epilepticus
See: Anticonvulsant activity of β-caryophyllene against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures β-Caryophyllene anticonvulsant activity
See: Cannabinoids Induce Apoptosis of Pancreatic Tumor Cells via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Related Genes. Pancreatic Cancer
See: β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Cell Proliferation through a Direct Modulation of CB2 Receptors in Glioblastoma Cells. Glioblastoma – Brain Cancer
See: Beta-Caryophyllene Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Proliferation by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Ovarian Cancer
See: Beta-caryophyllene and neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Sclerosis
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, which lead to progressive loss of selective vulnerable population of neurons.
Neuroinflammation is an important feature shared by several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and sclerosis. Evidence establish that endocannabinoid system can modulate neuroinflammation and immune system especially through CB2 receptor (Dugger and Dickson, 2017, Tang and Le, 2016).
See: β-Caryophyllene decreases neuroinflammation and exerts neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons in a model of hemiparkinsonism through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome Parkinsons Disease, Hemiparkinsonism
BCP treatment demonstrated significant improvements in motor dysfunction. Results point to BCP’s potential in mitigating the motor deficit, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and attenuating lipid peroxidation induced by 6-OHDA.
See: The cannabinoid beta-caryophyllene (BCP) induces neuritogenesis in PC12 cells by a cannabinoid-receptor-independent mechanism neurodegenerative conditions including: stroke, glaucoma, motor neuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) aka Motor Neurone Disease (MND), Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases
‘ An important therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative conditions is axonal regeneration. Neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation play a key role in the development of the nervous system. The growth of axonal and dendritic extensions is critical for neuronal connectivity and alterations in this process can lead to cognitive deficits.
This is the first study to address the neuritogenic potential of BCP as a possible cannabinoid-receptor-independent mechanism of neuroprotection, the induction of neuritogenesis, and the effects on the expression of marker proteins for axonal growth (Growth Associated Protein GAP-43) and synaptogenesis. ‘
‘ BCP increases the expression of axonal-plasticity-associated proteins Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43), synapsin and synaptophysin) in PC12 cells. It is known that these proteins are up-regulated by Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in neurons and neuron-like cells, such as PC12 cells.
Altogether, these findings suggest that BCP activates trka receptors and induces neuritogenesis by a mechanism independent of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) or cannabinoid receptors. This is the first study to show such effects of BCP and their beneficial role in neurodegenerative processes should be further investigated.’ Santos et al, 2016.
Research Highlights
- •BCP increases survival & induces neuritogenesis in Nerve Growth Factor NGF-deprived PC12 cells.
- •BCP activates the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-high affinity receptors, trkA.
- •BCP does not increase the expression of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).
- •BCP increases the expression of axonal-plasticity-associated proteins.
- •The neuritogenic effect of BCP is independent of cannabinoid receptors.
*PC12 cell line, Use in Research.
The PC12 cell line has been used to get more information about diseases of the brain. PC12 cells were used to find which Prion protein fragments caused neuronal dysfunction. Misfolded proteins are also linked to other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) aka MND, which have been shown to originate and progress by a prion-like mechanism.
‘ Neuritogenesis is the extension of neurites, which are the branchlike structures extending from a neuron and are essential for cell-to-cell communication in the brain. ‘
The neuritogenesis process slows down in adults, and to a greater degree in a brain affected by Neurodegenerative disease. The regrowth of neurites or extension of neurites may present an opportunity to reverse neuronal damage caused by Neurodegenerative disease.
See: Inhaled volatile β-caryophyllene is incorporated into the aortic wall and attenuates nicotine-induced aorta degeneration via a CB2 receptor-dependent pathway nicotine-induced aorta degeneration.
Inhaled volatile β-caryophyllene attenuates nicotine-induced aorta degeneration. Nicotine-induced aortic stiffness was improved by BCP inhalation. Inhaled BCP is incorporated into the aortic wall. Suppressive mechanism of BCP is via a CB2 receptor-dependent pathway. β-caryophyllene reduces the effect of nicotine-induced aorta degeneration.
See: Volatile β-caryophyllene and dynamic changes of liver metabolites:
” This is the first study to reveal the tissue and organ distribution of inhaled volatile BCP – β-caryophyllene (in animals. In a time-course analysis, BCP was detected in the brain, liver, and brown adipose tissue up to 24 h after exposure, indicating a long-lasting impact on these organs. β-caryophyllene crosses B.B.B – Blood Brain Barrier.
See: β-caryophyllene, an FDA-Approved Food Additive, Inhibits Methamphetamine-Taking and Methamphetamine-Seeking Behaviors Possibly via CB2 and Non-CB2 Receptor Mechanisms Methamphetamine Addiction
findings indicate that BCP may be useful for the treatment of CUD, Cocaine Use Disorder, likely by stimulation of PPARα and PPARγ in the mesolimbic system.
See: β‐Caryophyllene, a dietary terpenoid, inhibits nicotine taking and nicotine seeking Nicotine Addiction
“Present findings suggest that BCP has significant anti‐nicotine effects via both CB2 and non‐CB2 receptor mechanisms and, therefore, deserves further study as a potential new pharmacotherapy for cigarette smoking cessation. (Yi He et al, 2020)
See: Effects of β-caryophyllene, A Dietary Cannabinoid, in Models of Drug Addiction
” BCP has been investigated in behavioral paradigms, including drug self-administration, conditioned place preference, and intracranial self-stimulation; the drugs tested were cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, & methamphetamine.
Remarkably, BCP prevented or reversed behavioral changes resulting from drug exposure. As expected, the mechanism of action entails CB2R activation, although this is unlikely to constitute the only molecular target to explain such effects. Another potential target is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR).” cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, methamphetamine addiction.
Cross-Talk Mechanisms ECS & PPAR
There is evidence suggesting that the ECS can influence PPAR activity. For instance, endocannabinoids can activate PPARs, leading to changes in gene expression related to metabolism and inflammation. Conversely, PPARs
can regulate the expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids, thus influencing the ECS.
See: β-Caryophyllene (BCP), A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19 Covid-19 Corona Virus
” BCP (beta Caryophyllene) may be a promising candidate as a preventive and therapeutic agent or adjuvant for COVID-19 given its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms, including its CB2R agonist property, integrating with its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in numerous experimental studies”
See: Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Cytokine Storm Associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019 Covid-19 Corona Virus
” while all attempts are being focused on control of viral replication through development of vaccines, it is also critical to ensure that the vaccines do not trigger hyperactivation of immune response.
It is equally important to develop new anti-inflammatory therapies that can effectively block the cytokine storm seen in patients with severe form of COVID-19.
We believe that cannabinoids hold significant promise as potent anti-inflammatory agents.”
See: beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid.
See BCP Visualization Link: The Cannabinoid BCP Beta-caryophyllene exerts its effects partly by binding to CB2R in the ECS. The G-protein-coupled CB2R signals multiple different cellular pathways to modulate cellular function and activity. Anti Tumour, Anti Cancer, Cancer Cell Death, Modulation of Cell Function.
Copyright © 2020 Scott A. Johnson et al.
‘ BCP modulates multiple pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis including MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1, and STAT3 (Figure 2), activates cytotoxic pathways against tumors, potentiates pathways that hinder metastasis, reduces the expression of oncogenes and proteins, and simultaneously increases genes and proteins that destroy cancer cells. Scott A. Johnson et al, 2020.
Laboratory studies suggest BCP has promise against kidney, lung, colorectal, liver, oral, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma cancers and possesses chemopreventive properties.’ (Scott A Johnson et al, 2020.)
See: Cancer & Cannabinoids Research Links: HERE
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